Rotator Cuff Repair Surgery – Diagnosis & Procedure
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What is Rotator Cuff Repair?
Rotator cuff repair is a surgical procedure performed to treat a torn rotator cuff. The rotator cuff is a group of muscles and tendons that surround the shoulder joint and help keep the upper arm securely positioned within the shoulder socket.
This surgery can be performed using a traditional open approach or through a minimally invasive technique known as arthroscopy.
Rotator cuff injuries are quite common, especially among older adults and individuals who frequently perform repetitive overhead activities, such as painters or carpenters. In many cases, these injuries develop gradually and can be managed with non-surgical treatments if detected early. However, severe tears or injuries caused by sudden trauma often require surgical repair.
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Diagnosing Rotator Cuff Injuries
Before starting treatment, doctors recommend specific diagnostic tests to assess the severity of a rotator cuff injury. Common tests include:
- X-rays: Help identify bone-related issues such as bone spurs, joint dislocation, or arthritis.
- Ultrasound: Allows visualization of soft tissues like muscles and tendons to detect tears or inflammation.
- MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Provides detailed images of the shoulder’s internal structures, aiding in accurate diagnosis and treatment planning.
Once the diagnosis is confirmed, the doctor discusses suitable treatment options. Mild to moderate tears are usually managed with medications, steroid injections, and physiotherapy, while severe tears often require surgical repair.
Rotator Cuff Treatment Options
Surgical Options:
- Traditional Open Surgery: Involves a larger incision to directly access and repair the torn tendon. While effective, it may involve longer recovery and more postoperative discomfort.
- Arthroscopic Surgery: A minimally invasive approach using small incisions, a camera, and specialized instruments to repair the tendon. It offers faster recovery, less pain, and minimal scarring.
- Mini-Open Repair: Combines arthroscopy with a small incision (3–5 cm) to repair the tendon, offering a balance between visibility and quicker recovery compared to open surgery.
How to Prepare for Rotator Cuff Surgery
- Inform your doctor about your complete medical history, including medications, supplements, or herbal products. Certain medicines, such as blood thinners, may need to be paused before surgery.
- Seek medical clearance if you have conditions like diabetes, heart disease, or hypertension.
- Avoid tobacco and alcohol, especially smoking, as they can slow down healing.
- Notify your doctor if you develop any illness, such as fever or infection, before the surgery.
- Pack essentials in case a short hospital stay (1–2 days) is required.
- Avoid eating or drinking after midnight before the surgery, particularly if general anesthesia will be used.
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Dr. Vamsavardhan P
MBBS, MS, FIAGES, EFIAGES, FALS
Consultant Gastro, Laser, Laparoscopic & General Surgeon
Dr.B.V.Gurunadh Sarma
M.B;B.S; D.N.B. (Puttaparthy) F.I.P.O. (RGUHS) Robotic Joint Replacement Surgeon, Paediatric Orthopaedic Surgeon, Arthroscopic & Trauma Surgeon
Dr Kattamudi Harish
M.S (Ortho) , FIJR , FIAS Senior Consultant Robotic Joint Replacement , Arthroscopy and Trauma Surgeon
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Change your dressing every 2 days or as advised by your doctor. Avoid touching or disturbing the sutures or incision area. Keep the wound dry by covering it with a waterproof bandage while showering or bathing.
Physical therapy usually starts within the first 6 weeks after surgery, depending on the type of procedure, your surgeon’s recommendation, and your overall recovery. Shoulder strengthening exercises are generally introduced around 12 weeks after the surgery.
You should typically wait at least 4–6 weeks before resuming sports or putting strain on your shoulder joint. However, recovery timelines can vary, so it’s important to consult your healthcare provider before returning to any physical or recreational activities.
You should avoid active range of motion (AROM) exercises and any aggressive or painful passive range of motion (PROM) movements involving the shoulder. Activities such as pushing yourself up from a seated or lying position using the affected arm should also be avoided. Additionally, steer clear of any movements that trigger pain, muscle guarding, or spasms to ensure proper healing.
The duration of surgery typically ranges from 60 to 90 minutes, depending on the complexity of the injury and the type of procedure. Arthroscopic tendon repair may take around 2–3 hours, while simpler procedures, such as flexor tendon repair, usually take about 45–60 minutes.
We provide free post-surgery follow-up so that our patients can discuss their concerns and doubts with the doctors without hesitation.
The rotator cuff consists of four important muscles that help stabilize and move the shoulder joint:
- Subscapularis
- Infraspinatus
- Teres minor
- Supraspinatus
You can reduce the risk of rotator cuff injuries by adopting healthy habits and protecting your shoulder joints:
- Perform regular shoulder strengthening and flexibility exercises
- Include upper body workouts in your fitness routine
- Maintain proper posture, especially during daily activities
- Keep a healthy body weight to reduce joint strain
- Avoid repetitive overhead movements and lifting heavy objects improperly
- Take precautions to prevent falls and injuries
Common symptoms of a rotator cuff tear include:
- Pain and difficulty when raising your arm
- Popping or clicking sensations during shoulder movement
- Shoulder pain that worsens at night or while resting
- Weakness in the shoulder and difficulty lifting objects
Several factors can increase the risk of developing rotator cuff injuries:
- Family history of shoulder problems or rotator cuff tears
- Poor posture
- Smoking
- Age above 40 years
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