Total Knee Replacement

Total knee replacement is a major procedure that requires careful preparation. Since recovery takes time and proper care, preparation is usually done on two levels: medical readiness and home preparation.

Medical Preparation Before Surgery

• Share your complete medical history with your orthopedic surgeon, including any existing health conditions and medications you are taking. Certain medicines like aspirin, steroids, or opioids may need to be stopped or adjusted before and after surgery.
• Avoid tobacco use, especially smoking, as nicotine can delay healing and increase the risk of complications such as blood clots.
• Undergo a full health checkup to ensure you are fit for surgery.
• Avoid alcohol for at least 2–3 days before the procedure, as it can interfere with anesthesia.
• Inform your doctor immediately if you develop any illness such as fever, cold, or flu before surgery.
• Arrange for someone to drive you home after discharge and assist you for a few days, as mobility will be limited initially. 

• Home Preparation for Recovery

  • Remove tripping hazards such as loose rugs, toys, and electrical cords.
  • Rearrange furniture to create enough space for walking aids like crutches or walkers.
  • Keep frequently used items within easy reach to avoid bending.
  • Install safety bars or handrails in the bathroom for added support.
  • If you live in a multi-storey house, consider staying on the ground floor during early recovery.

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  What Happens During Total Knee Replacement?

  Before surgery, you will undergo a detailed evaluation, including physical examination and imaging tests such as X-rays, CT scans, or MRI scans, along with a general health assessment.

  The procedure typically takes 1 to 3 hours and is performed under general or spinal anesthesia. During the surgery, the surgeon makes an incision over the knee, removes the damaged joint surfaces, and replaces them with an artificial implant. The incision is then closed with sutures or clips and covered with a dressing.

  The surgery can be done using a traditional (open) approach or a minimally invasive technique. Minimally invasive procedures usually involve less bleeding and faster recovery, while traditional surgery may require more postoperative care.

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  Types of Knee Implants

  A knee implant generally consists of three components:

  • Femoral Component: Attached to the thigh bone (femur), allowing smooth movement of the knee.
  • Tibial Component: Attached to the shin bone (tibia), often with a plastic insert that acts as a cushion.
  • Patellar Component: A dome-shaped part that replaces the kneecap surface.

  Implants are made using materials like metal alloys (cobalt-chromium, titanium, zirconium), polyethylene (plastic), or ceramic. Based on materials, they are classified as:

  • Metal-on-plastic
  • Ceramic-on-plastic
  • Ceramic-on-ceramic
  • Metal-on-metal

  Your orthopedic surgeon will help you choose the most suitable implant based on your condition, lifestyle, and overall health.